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Also, it brings details on sample handling for analysis of major, minor, or trace components. This chapter illustrates some of the most important protocols that are applied for the sampling of gaseous, liquid, semisolid, and solid biological samples. Nevertheless, research must be conducted by ethical and biosafety requirements from planning the sampling, sample handling, further analyses, to communication on the study results, sharing and keeping the data. On the other hand, some are sampled with great difficulty as biopsy tissues, while some cannot be sampled in living individuals. When discussing sampling, some samples are easy to collect if sampling is not invasive, for instance, it is easy to get a small quantity in the mass of a sample of human hair. Therefore, sampling is the way we choose a number, define the size, and a type of sample, while sample preparation involves planning and techniques handled on a sample before its bioanalytical evaluation. Cells can be analyzed as they are, intact, according to some studies the whole organisms like worms, yeasts, or bacteria can also be analyzed, according to other studies, but most of the bioanalytical methods use pre-treated samples. There are different types of sampling, for example, in vivo, ex vivo, in situ, and post mortem. Many types of samples from the biosphere can be analyzed: a biofluid, an organ, a tissue, a cell, or even a virus, i.e., a viral nanoparticle. It is also a useful resource for researchers and professionals working in the fields of biomedicine and veterinary sciences, with clear explanations and examples of how the different bioanalytical devices are applied for clinical diagnosis. This textbook will appeal to graduate/advanced undergraduate students in Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, and Chemical Engineering. Readers will also find more about the application of microchip-based devices and analytical microarrays. Particular attention is given to the recent advances in the application of mass spectrometry, NMR, electrochemical methods and separation techniques in bioanalysis. This textbook covers the main tools and techniques used in bioanalysis, provides an overview of their principles, and offers several examples of their application and future trends in diagnosis.Ĭhapters from expert contributors explore the role of bioanalysis in different areas such as biochemistry, physiology, forensics, and clinical diagnosis, including topics from sampling/sample preparation, chemometrics in bioanalysis to the latest techniques used in the field.